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The spark-ignition petrol engines listed below were formerly used by various marques of automobiles and commercial vehicles of the German automotive concern, Volkswagen Group,〔ETKA official factory data〕 and also in Volkswagen Industrial Motor applications, but are now discontinued. All listed engines operate on the four-stroke cycle, and unless stated otherwise, use a wet sump lubrication system, and are water-cooled.〔 Since the Volkswagen Group is European, official internal combustion engine performance ratings are published using the International System of Units (commonly abbreviated "SI"), a modern form of the metric system of figures. Motor vehicle engines will have been tested by a Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) accredited testing facility, to either the original ''80/1269/ EEC'', or the later ''1999/99/EC'' standards. The standard initial measuring unit for establishing the rated motive power output is the kilowatt (kW); and in their official literature, the power rating may be published in either the kW, or the 'Pferdestärke' (PS, which is sometimes incorrectly referred to as 'metric horsepower'), or both, and may also include conversions to imperial units such as the horsepower (hp) or brake horsepower (bhp). (Conversions: one PS ≈ 735.5 watts (W), ≈ 0.98632 hp (SAE)). In case of conflict, the metric power figure of kilowatts (kW) will be stated as the primary figure of reference. For the turning force generated by the engine, the Newton metre (Nm) will be the reference figure of torque. Furthermore, in accordance with European automotive traditions, engines shall be listed in the following ''ascending'' order of preference: #Number of cylinders, #Engine displacement (in litres), #Engine configuration, and #Rated motive power output (in kilowatts). The petrol engines which Volkswagen Group are currently manufactured and installed in today's vehicles can be found in the ''list of Volkswagen Group petrol engines'' article. == Air-cooled petrols == (詳細はVolkswagen air-cooled engine was introduced in 1935 in Germany, produced in factories all over the world, and the last complete engine was produced in December 2005, Its production was ceased by anti-pollution laws and the last engine was produced in São Bernardo do Campo. Its air-cooled, four-cylinder, boxer configuration was unique in its day for a production automobile, but has gone on to power millions of vehicles around the world, being considered one of the most reliable automotive engines of all eras. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of discontinued Volkswagen Group petrol engines」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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